The word ' al hukm ' means making a decision whether to confirm or to deny something based on the certain law. And in this case the law can be divided into three main types as follows: -
1) Al Hukm Al Syar'i ( Sharia’s Law ) ---Confirming or denying of something in the light of Quran and Hadith. For example, to confirm that the five daily prayers is an obligatory , the illegality of drinking alcohol and so on.All of those thing can only be known by the Al Quran and Al hadith.
2) Al Hukm al 'Aadii ( Natural Law ) --- Confirming or denying ofsomething by many times observations.For example, to confirm that the fire is able to burn , the knives are able to cut and so on.It is only to be known by observations and experiments for several times.
3) Al Hukm al 'Aql ( Logical Law ) --- Confirming or denying ofsomething without any guidance of Al Quran and Al Hadith and without making any observation and experiment just depends on the intellectual conscience alone. For example, to confirm that it is a certainty for everything if they arenot in motion they must be rest and vice versa.Our intellectual conscience will automatically reject if someone tell us that there is a thing that is not moving nor rest in the same time.Or it is moving and rest in the same time.We know that it is impossible to be, based on the logical law.
According to the description above we should know that all the three laws are coming from God. The only difference among them is how the three of them come to us. The Sharia’s Law has came through revelation while the Natural Law by the norm of Allah in creation of the universe and the Logical Law by guidance and inspiration of Allah to all mankind. Allah has given the mankind , every single individual of them , the ability to understand the Logical Law to enable them to find out the general truth and so on , this general truth will lead them to the truth which is more specific that is Al Hukm Al Syar'i ( Sharia’s Law ). In other words to lead them finally to be the muslims. In the case of knowing Allah an individual not only be able to know
Him and how He is with His attributes by the Quran and Hadith purely but also by the guidance and inspiration which can be obtained through the Logical Law when it is properly used. This is the fairness of Allah to make sure that all human beings are having the same opportunity to seek the truth and therefore they deserve the punishment in hereafter if they refused to recognize the true God (Allah). If this statement is challenged by saying “The Essence of Allah and His attributes is written clearly in the Quran and hadith and therefore no longer need to any logical discussion on Himself and His attributes” Our answer is ,that our needs to the Logical Law is constantly relevant in the case of knowing Allah even if the existence of Him and His attributes is written in The Quran because one will not be able to confirmed that everything which has been written in the Quran wether it is right or not without using the logical consideration. In fact, the Qur'an itself as a non sensory miracle, it’s miracle certainly will not be able to be understood without using the logical approaches. There are many verses from the Quran that urge people to use their mind. In the logical way of course. For example, Allah says:
فَاعْتَبِرُوا يَا أُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ
Translation: So learn a lesson from this, O you who have perceptive eyes! (Al-Hashr 59:2 )
Allah says at another place:
أَفَلَا يَنظُرُونَ إِلَى الْإِبِلِ كَيْفَ خُلِقَتْ
Translation: Do (these unbelievers) not observe the camels: how they were created? (Al-Ghasyiah 88:17)
The word 'yanzuru' used in the verse above, means to see using the logical thinking.
Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wasallam is reported to have said "Religion is mind. There is no religion for those who have no mind”
There is one more thing to note. Muslim theologians have the same opinion about the importance of mind in religion. They only differ whether the mind was the decision makers in religion or simply as the important role in religious terms. According to the teachings of the sect Asya’irah, all the rules of Islam are based on the the Quran and hadith including the matters of faith and divinity. However mind is required as a prerequisite for the obligations.It does mean that those who do not have a perfect mind is free from any obligation in the religion. For example: Those who are mad, the children who have not attained the age of puberty, etc. etc.Meanwhile those who have the perfect mind, but the call of Al Quran and Hadith does not come to them are also free from any obligation for their (The Asya’irah’s) opinion says that all the rules of Islam are only becoming obligated due to the the Quran and hadith including the matters of faith and divinity. This means that a person who never reached him the call from the Holy Qur'an or any book from heaven or any of prophet of God in any period will not be considered as a sinner even he worshiped idols. However, today we can say that someone who does not reached him the call of the Holy Qur'an is almost does not exist
Unlike Asyairah, the Maturidiyah view that this matter need the further details. They saiy that all issues which are pertaining to halal (the lawful) and haram (prohibited) or Al Sam’iyaat (unseen matters like the life in the hereafter ) which are able to be known only by revelation from God ,all of the things are obligated by Al Quran and Al Hadith.But in the matter of divinity it is obligated by sense. This means that mind is the decision makers in matters of divinity to them (The Maturidyah). This means that a person who never reached him the call from the Holy Qur'an or any holy book from the heaven or any of prophet of God in any period still regarded as a sinner if he worshiped idols for the matters that related to divinity is very clear to everybody through the guidance of mind given by God.
In conclusion whether mind is the decision makers in the case of divinity , or it is just the prerequisite all of the Muslim theologians agreed that mind is very important to know the God.
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